{"id":592,"date":"2024-09-16T02:58:44","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T18:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/?p=592"},"modified":"2024-09-16T02:58:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T18:58:45","slug":"network-fundamentals-4-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/2024\/09\/16\/network-fundamentals-4-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Network Fundamentals 4.4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&#8212; \u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b 4.4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internet-protocols\">Internet Protocols<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u3002\n\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u534f\u4f5c\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-layered-approach-to-internet-software\">The Layered Approach to Internet Software<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\n\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c42 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u90ae\u5bc4\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06<strong>\u793c\u7269<\/strong> \u5305\u88c5\u597d\u4e0e<strong>\u90ae\u5bc4\u5730\u5740<\/strong> \u4e00\u5e76\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7269\u6d41\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u7269\u6d41\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5305\u88f9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/forelink-picgo.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/img\/20240915233124.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/forelink-picgo.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/img\/20240915233124.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f \u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u8f6c\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\n\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8f6f\u4ef6 \u6709\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1a\n    <strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Application\uff09\n    <strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Transport\uff09\n    <strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Network\uff09\n    \u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d88\u606f\u4ece<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Application\uff09\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Network\uff09\u51c6\u5907\u4f20\u8f93\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Link\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Link\uff09\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u5c42\u5411\u4e0a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\uff08Application\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"application\">Application<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6d88\u606f\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08name server\uff09\u6765\u5c06\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5730\u5740\uff08\u57df\u540d\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9 <strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transport\">Transport<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\u6216\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\n\u5728\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u524d\uff0c<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u4f1a\u5c06\u6d88\u606f<strong>\u62c6\u5206<\/strong>\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u5e76\u8d4b\u52a0\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5230\u8fbe\u540e\u6839\u636e\u5e8f\u53f7\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ea4\u7ed9<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u7ee7\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"network\">Network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\uff08\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\n\u5728<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u89c6\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u4ea4\u7ed9<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"link\">Link<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\u8d1f\u8d23\u8f6c\u79fb\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u7ec6\u8282\u5904\u7406\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u7ed9Ethernet\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528CSMA\/CD \u534f\u8bae\uff0cCSMA\/CA \u7ed9WIFI\uff09\u5f53<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea4\u7ed9<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u7ecf\u9014\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u4e2d\u53ea\u7ecf\u8fc7<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5145\u5f53\u8f6c\u53d1\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u6210\u5728<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f29\u77ed\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u89e3\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u7167\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u91cd\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5c06\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5982HTTP\u4f7f\u752880\uff0cSMTP\u4f7f\u752825\uff09\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u6240\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary\">Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u4ea7\u6d88\u606f\uff1b<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u517c\u5bb9\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3001\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f9d\u5e8f\u91cd\u7ec4\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\uff1b<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\uff08<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\/<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\/\u4e22\u5f03\uff09\uff1b<strong>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\n\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5f97\u4ee5\u7528\u6beb\u79d2\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-tcpip-protocol-suite\">The TCP\/IP Protocol Suite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u516c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u516c\u5f00\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#8212;-\u786c\u4ef6\u5236\u9020\u5546\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u90fd\u60f3\u4ece\u4e2d\u5206\u5f97\u4e00\u676f\u7fb9\u3002\n\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u679c\u5c31\u662f OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\uff08open system interconnection) \u7531\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6 TCP\/IP \u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u6210\u529f\u66ff\u4ee3 TCP\/IP\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TCP\/IP \u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u521d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cTCP\/IP \u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u5904\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u534f\u8bae <code>TCP<\/code> <code>IP<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tcp\">TCP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TCP<\/strong>\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\uff09\u662f<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5982UDP\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fTCP\/IP\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6839\u636e<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong>\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\n\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u7684<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u524d\u4f1a\u5148\u544a\u77e5\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684TCP<strong>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u80fd\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\n    \u5dee\u5f02\u4e00\uff1aTCP\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u800cUDP\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5UDP\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a <strong>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u5f0f\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff08connectionless protocol\uff09\n    \u5dee\u5f02\u4e8c\uff1aTCP\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u7aef\u662f\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0aTCP\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8eUDP\n    \u5dee\u5f02\u4e09\uff1aTCP\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 <strong>\u6d41\u63a7\u5236<\/strong> \u3001<strong>\u963b\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/strong> \u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002UDP\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6bd4TCP\u663e\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a <strong>\u7528\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\n    &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;\n    \u7136\u800c\u6b64\u975e\u8bc1\u660eUDP\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\uff0cUDP\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u7ebf\u6027\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u636e\u65b9\u6709\u6240\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u573a\u666f\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8eDNS\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63a8\u6d41<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TCP \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\nUDP \u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ip\">IP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>IP\uff08Internet Protocol\uff09\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6807\u51c6\u3002<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\uff0cIP\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u76f8\u90bb<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IP<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u8df3\u6570\uff08hop count\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u51cf\u53bb1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u8f6c\u53d1\u56de\u8def\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a$2^6$\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728ISP\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u548c\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5bb9\u9519\uff0c\u7ed9\u5f81\u9014\u5931\u610f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6709\u592a\u591a\u5c06\u519b\u5c0f\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8212; \u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b 4.4 Internet Protocols \u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-34"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=592"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":593,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592\/revisions\/593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}