{"id":564,"date":"2024-09-13T23:44:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T15:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/?p=564"},"modified":"2024-09-13T23:49:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T15:49:06","slug":"network-fundamentals-4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/2024\/09\/13\/network-fundamentals-4-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Network Fundamentals 4.2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

— \u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b 4.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Internet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Origin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Internet Architecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Internet Service Provider<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53eb\u505a \u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546ISP\u3002\nISP\u6839\u636e\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tier-1 ISP \u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u901f\/\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf \u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8054\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u662f\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002\nTier-2 ISP \u4e0eT1 ISP \u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8986\u76d6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T1\u548cT2 ISP \u901a\u5e38\u7531\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Access ISP \u901a\u5e38\u7531\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead \u4f01\u4e1a \u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\n\u7ec8\u7aef – AP – ISP\nAP\u548cAP\u8303\u56f4 \u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\nAccess ISP\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bf8\u5982DNS\u89e3\u6790\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5168\u7403\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5197\u4f59\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aISP\u7ec8\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u762b\u75ea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Internet Addressing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u8bc6\u4e5f\u88ab\u6210\u4e3a IP\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\nIPv4 \u670932\u4f4d\nIPv6 \u6709128\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7531\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7ICANN\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICANN\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\uff08TLD\uff09\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5206\u914d\u3002\nISP\u6839\u636eICANN\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5757\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\n\u57df\u540d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\uff08\u5982 .com .top) \u79f0\u4e3aTLD\uff08top-level domain\uff09\n\u57df\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u4e0e\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u5411\u5de6\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u5b50\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

subdomian.mainDomain.TLD\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4ec5\u6709\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08name server) \u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \uff08domain name system\uff09\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u5e76\u67e5\u627e\uff08lookup\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u8d77\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DNS\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u57df\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6b65\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u6b21\u9010\u7ea7\u67e5\u627e\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\u3002\n\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cDNS\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\uff08Root Name Servers\uff09\u6839\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6839\u636eTLD\u9010\u5c42\u7684\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210ip\u5730\u5740\u3002\n\uff08TLD Servers -> Authoritative Name Servers -> Recursive DNS Resolvers\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7531\u4e8eDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u90fd\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u800cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f4d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u7531 access ISP \u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5168\u7403\u670913\u7ec4\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\n\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5e94\u57df\u540d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u3002\n\u6743\u5a01\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u5177\u4f53\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Internet Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002\n\u65b0\u95fb\u9605\u8bfb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 NNTP \u534f\u8bae\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u4f7f\u7528 FTP \u534f\u8bae\n\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\/\u63a7\u5236\u4f7f\u7528 Telnet\u6216SSH \u534f\u8bae\n\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u6570\u636e \u4f7f\u7528 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Electronic Mail<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528SMTP POP3 IMAP\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VoIP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
VoIP\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63d0\u4f9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\n\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u673a\u7b49\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\nVoIP\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u97f3\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u800c4G\u4f9d\u8d56TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\n\uff08\u548c4G\u57fa\u4e8e TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Internet Multimedia Streaming<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Content Delivery Networks CDN\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u5e03\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5229\u7528Anycast\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u7531\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u4ece\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
— \u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b 4.2 The Internet Origin \u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-34"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=564"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":572,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/564\/revisions\/572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}