{"id":501,"date":"2024-09-06T20:40:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T12:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/?p=501"},"modified":"2024-09-06T20:40:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T12:40:08","slug":"sql%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forelink.top\/index.php\/2024\/09\/06\/sql%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\n\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\n\u4e3b\u952e\u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e71\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684load\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Load\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570 --local-infile \u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\nmysql --local-infile -u root -p\n#\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u53c2\u6570local_infile\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u3002\nset global local_infile = 1;\n#\u6267\u884cload\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u3002\nload data local infile 'path\/to\/file' into table [table_name] fields terminated by '[separator]' lines terminated by '\\n';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7528Load\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6bd4insert\u8bed\u53e5\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"image-20240906161003603\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u952e\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\n\u5728InnoDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u952e\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u79f0\u4e3a\u805a\u96c6\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a Tablespace – Segment – Extent – Page – Row<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9875\u5206\u88c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u805a\u96c6\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u8868\u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u4e3b\u952e\u66f4\u65b0\u5bfc\u81f4\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u503c\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5df2\u6ee1\u7684\u9875\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u8be5\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8868\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u4e3b\u952e\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u4e71\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0cInnoDB\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u505a\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u52a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e09\u4e2a\u9875\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9875\u5408\u5e76<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u58f0\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n\u5f53\u9875\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fbe\u5230 MERGE_THRESHOLD(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9875\u768450%)\uff0cInnoDB\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u9875\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u4e3b\u952e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 AUTO_INCREMENT \u81ea\u589e\u4e3b\u952e\n\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528UUID\u505a\u4e3b\u952e\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u952e\uff08\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\uff09\n\u4e1a\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4e3b\u952e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
order by \u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
filesort\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7f13\u51b2\u533asort buffer\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
index\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"image-20240906163837843\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"image-20240906163802981\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u5bf9\u5e26\u6709\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884corder by\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b57\u6bb51\u5347\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb52\u964d\u5e8f\u3002\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528filesort\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"image-20240906163727786\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u8be5\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 a asc\/desc, b desc\/asc \u7684order by\u6392\u5e8f\ncreate index idx1 on t1(a asc , b desc);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"image-20240906164152274\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
order by\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6839\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u591a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\n\u591a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\uff08ASC \/ DESC)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684filesort\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\n\u4f7f\u7528 set sort_buffer_size = [num] \u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
group by\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528group by\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5206\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5\u521b\u5efa\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\n\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4SQL\u4f4e\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
limit\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u9760\u540e\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\n\u524d\u7f00\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u9760\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6162\u3002\nselect * from t1 limit st,num;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15+\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select * from table1 t1 , (select id from table1 order by id limit 9000000,10) temp where temp.id = t1.id;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
count\u4f18\u5316:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
count() \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u9010\u884c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u7d2f\u8ba1\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MyISAM\u5f15\u64ce\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u603b\u884c\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884ccount(*)\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u5f15\u64ce\u6267\u884ccount(*)\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7d2f\u79ef\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
count\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
count(\u4e3b\u952e)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6574\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u952eid\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e3b\u952e\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570+1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
count(\u5b57\u6bb5)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u6ca1\u6709not null\u7ea6\u675f\uff1aInnoDB\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6574\u5f20\u8868\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u90fd\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3anull\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3anull\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002\n\u6709not null\u7ea6\u675f\uff1aInnoDB\u5f15\u64ce\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u6309\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
count(\u5e38\u6570)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u5f15\u64ce\u904d\u5386\u6574\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u6309\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
count(*)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u505a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
count\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6548\u7387\u7531\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\ncount(*) \u2248 count(\u5e38\u6570) > count(\u4e3b\u952e) > count(\u5b57\u6bb5) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528count(*)\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u95e8\u505a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
update\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff0cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8868\u9501\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u5bf9\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8868\u9501\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
InnoDB\u7684\u884c\u9501\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u52a0\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8bb0\u5f55\u52a0\u7684\u9501\u3002\n\u5982\u679c\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u884c\u9501\u4f1a\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u8868\u9501\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\n\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u4e3b\u952e\u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165\n\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u8f7d\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u952e\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\n\u4e3b\u952e\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u9875\u540c\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\n\u4e3b\u952e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c3d\u91cf\u77ed\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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